Article & fatwaHigh trust

The OIC Fiqh Academy's ruling on maintenance contracts

The OIC Fiqh Academy's ruling on maintenance contracts — the everyday service agreement (an appliance service plan, a car service contract, a building or IT annual-maintenance contract) treated as a lawful contract, and the two conditions that keep it halal. Resolution No. 103 (6/11) settles that a maintenance contract is 'a novel and independent contract' governed by the general rules of Shariah, whose ruling changes with its form: a stand-alone labour-only (or labour-plus-materials) maintenance deal is simply an Ijārah (hire of labour) and is permissible so long as the work period and the wage are known; maintenance attached as a condition to a sale is permissible; and in a lease, benefit-essential maintenance is the OWNER's duty and cannot be forced on the tenant as a condition. The gem is the anti-gharar filter that runs through every form — the maintenance and the fee must be specified in a way that 'precludes ignorance that leads to disputes.' International Islamic Fiqh Academy (OIC), Resolution No. 103 (6/11), adopted at the 11th session (Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain, 25–30 Rajab 1419H / 14–19 November 1998).

What this source says

THE RULE BEHIND EVERY SERVICE PLAN. When you buy an extended warranty on a fridge, sign a two-year service contract for your car, take out an annual-maintenance contract (AMC) for a lift, an air-conditioner or an office network, or agree that a landlord will keep the property's plumbing working, you have entered a MAINTENANCE contract — a promise to inspect and repair something over time, for a fee. Is that a valid contract in Shariah, what kind of contract is it, and what makes it lawful rather than a gharar-laden gamble? Resolution No. 103 (6/11), adopted at the OIC Fiqh Academy's 11th session in Manama, Bahrain (25–30 Rajab 1419H / 14–19 November 1998), is the settled answer. It is a working, everyday muamalat ruling: the maintenance agreement a household or a small business actually signs.

WHY THE ACADEMY RULED. The Council issued the resolution 'Having examined the research papers submitted to the Academy concerning Maintenance Contracts' and 'Having listened to the in-depth discussions on the subject.' (The IRTI edition renders the same body as examining 'the research papers presented to the Academy in connection with the issue of "Maintenance contract"' and 'having listened to the discussions that took placed about it' — the words 'took placed' are the IRTI edition's own, reproduced here rather than silently corrected.) So this is a considered ruling on a named, practical contract.

FIRST — WHAT A MAINTENANCE CONTRACT IS. The Academy first fixes the nature of the thing. Verbatim (official): 'A maintenance contract is a novel and independent contract to which the general rulings of Shariah for contracts apply. Its jurisprudential characterization and ruling vary according to its different forms. It is, in fact, a compensation contract that involves an undertaking by one party to inspect and repair, periodically or in case of emergency, a machine or anything else necessary in the form of periodical or emergency repairs for a specified period in exchange for specific compensation. The maintenance contractor may undertake to provide labor only or both labor and materials.' Three things matter here: it is a genuine, binding contract (not a favour or a vague promise); it is a COMPENSATION contract — a fee is paid for a service; and its exact ruling is not one-size-fits-all but depends on the FORM the deal takes. (The IRTI edition calls it 'an independent new concept to which the general rules of contracts apply', with the contractor providing 'labour only or labour as well as spare parts' — 'spare parts' where the official says 'materials'.)

SECOND — THE FOUR FORMS AND THEIR RULINGS. This is the operative heart of the resolution. Verbatim (official), the Academy names four forms:

Form 1 — stand-alone, labour-only (or with ordinary materials): 'A maintenance contract which is not related to another contract, whereby the maintenance contractor undertakes to provide labor only or provide ordinary materials that the contracting parties usually do not consider. This contract is regulated as an Ijārah contract to provide labor, and it is permissible in Shariah, provided the labor period and wages are known.' This is the key gem for most consumers: an ordinary service plan or AMC is simply a HIRE OF LABOUR (Ijārah) — lawful — on the single condition that the period of work and the fee are KNOWN. (IRTI: 'regulated as Ijarah (hire) contract to provide labour, and it is a contract permissible by Shari'a, provided that the period of labour and wages are known.')

Form 2 — stand-alone, contractor supplies labour, client supplies materials: the Academy rules this 'the same' as Form 1 — an Ijārah of labour, permissible on the same terms.

Form 3 — maintenance as a condition inside a SALE: 'Conditional maintenance in the sale contract which is to be provided by the seller for a specific period of time. This is a contract in which sale and condition are combined and it is permissible in Shariah, whether maintenance is done with or without the provision of materials.' This is the manufacturer's or seller's after-sales service/warranty case — the seller promises to maintain the item sold for a set period. Combining a sale with such a maintenance condition is permitted.

Form 4 — maintenance as a condition inside an IJĀRAH (a LEASE) — and this is the most consequential rule for renters. Verbatim (official): 'Conditional maintenance in Ijārah contract which is to be provided by both parties of the contract... The ruling of this form of contract is that maintenance, if it is of the type that depends on the fulfillment of benefit, then it is binding to the owner of the hired property without condition. However, it is not permissible to impose it as a condition on the client. As for maintenance which is not conditional on the fulfillment of benefit, it is permissible to be imposed as a condition for either party, if it is specified in a manner that precludes ignorance.' Read carefully: maintenance that the leased thing NEEDS in order to deliver the benefit the tenant is paying for (the structural, benefit-essential upkeep) falls on the OWNER by default, and may NOT be forced onto the tenant as a lease condition. Only maintenance that is NOT essential to the benefit may be assigned by agreement to either side — and even then only if it is specified precisely enough to preclude ignorance. (IRTI renders the pivot as: benefit-contingent maintenance is 'binding to the owner... without any condition... it should not be imposed as an obligation on the client', while non-benefit-contingent maintenance 'may be imposed as an obligation for either party, if it is specified in a manner that precludes ignorance.') The Academy adds that some further forms are postponed: 'There are other forms which the Academy decides to postpone for further study and research.'

THIRD — THE ANTI-GHARAR FILTER THAT RUNS THROUGH EVERYTHING. The resolution closes with the condition that keeps every form lawful. Verbatim (official): 'In all forms, it is a required that maintenance be specified in a manner that precludes ignorance that leads to disputes. The same applies to the specification of materials if they are to be supplied by the maintenance contractor. Likewise, it is a requirement to specify wages in all cases.' (IRTI: 'In all forms, maintenance should be specified in a manner which precludes ignorance that leads to dispute... Likewise, wages should be specified in all cases.') This is the settled Islamic-contract guard against gharar (contractual uncertainty): a maintenance deal is lawful only when the SCOPE of work, the MATERIALS (if the contractor supplies them), and the FEE are all defined clearly enough that the two sides cannot fall into dispute. A vague 'we'll cover whatever goes wrong, for whatever it costs' is exactly what this condition rules out.

HOW A RIBA-FREE HOUSEHOLD ACTUALLY USES THIS. (a) An appliance service plan, a car service contract, or an annual-maintenance contract is HALAL as an Ijārah (hire of labour) — provided the service period and the fee are clearly stated (Form 1/2, Third). (b) A seller's or manufacturer's after-sales maintenance bundled into the purchase is permissible (Form 3). (c) If you RENT, benefit-essential maintenance of the property is the LANDLORD's responsibility by default and should not be dumped on you as a lease condition; only non-essential upkeep can be assigned to the tenant, and only if it is spelled out precisely (Form 4) — a concrete point to check in any tenancy agreement. (d) In every case, before you sign, make sure the WORK COVERED, the PARTS/materials, and the PRICE are specified clearly — an open-ended 'extended warranty' whose scope and cost are vague is the gharar this resolution is designed to prevent (Third). (e) The resolution regulates the CONTRACT itself; it does not bless any financing wrapped around it — if a service plan is sold to you on interest-bearing instalments, that financing is judged separately under the corpus's riba rulings.

WHERE THIS SITS IN THE CORPUS. Resolution 103 is the corpus's SERVICE-CONTRACT ruling. Its core move — treating a stand-alone maintenance deal as an Ijārah (hire) of labour — ties it directly to the corpus's lease/hire rulings: rent-to-own and hire-purchase (Resolution 44) and the lease ending in ownership, Ijārah Muntahia bi-al-Tamlīk (Resolution 110); its Form-4 landlord-tenant upkeep rule is the maintenance-obligation companion to those lease rulings. Form 3 (maintenance as a condition in a sale) sits alongside the sale rulings — instalment/deferred-price sales (Resolutions 51 and 64). And as a service-supply contract it is a near-neighbour of the manufacturing contract Istiṣnāʿ (Resolution 65) and the supply/tendering contract (Resolution 107), all of which the corpus already holds. It is the ruling a household reaches for whenever it is asked to sign for ongoing service rather than a one-off purchase.

GENUINE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO EDITIONS (disclosed, not smoothed). The two translations agree on every operative point while differing in wording. WHOLE TITLE: official 'Maintenance Contracts' (plural) versus IRTI 'On Maintenance Contract' (singular). RESOLUTION CODE: official 'Resolution No. 103 (6/11)' versus IRTI 'Resolution N° 103 (6/11)'. SESSION LINE: official 'Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain, on 25–30 Rajab 1419h (14–19 November 1998)' versus IRTI 'Manama, Bahrain, on 25-30 Rajab 1419 H (14-19 November 1998)'. PREAMBLE: official 'submitted to the Academy concerning Maintenance Contracts' + 'the in-depth discussions on the subject' versus IRTI 'presented to the Academy in connection with the issue of "Maintenance contract"' + 'the discussions that took placed about it' (the IRTI slip 'took placed' is reproduced, not corrected). FIRST: official 'a novel and independent contract... the general rulings of Shariah for contracts apply. Its jurisprudential characterization and ruling vary according to its different forms' versus IRTI 'an independent new concept... the general rules of contracts apply. Its regulation and jurisprudential ruling vary according to its form'; official 'in case of emergency, a machine or anything else necessary in the form of periodical or emergency repairs for a specified period' versus IRTI 'whenever there is an emergency, a machine or anything else for a specific period of time'; official 'provide labor only or both labor and materials' versus IRTI 'provide labour only or labour as well as spare parts' (the official says 'materials', the IRTI says 'spare parts'). FORMS: official 'regulated as an Ijārah contract to provide labor, and it is permissible in Shariah' versus IRTI 'regulated as Ijarah (hire) contract to provide labour, and it is a contract permissible by Shari'a'; official 'materials that the contracting parties usually do not consider' versus IRTI 'materials which the contracting parties usually do not take into consideration'; Form 4 official 'it is not permissible to impose it as a condition on the client... permissible to be imposed as a condition for either party' versus IRTI 'it should not be imposed as an obligation on the client... may be imposed as an obligation for either party'. THIRD: official 'it is a required that maintenance be specified' (the official edition's own phrasing, reproduced) + 'leads to disputes' + 'it is a requirement to specify wages in all cases' versus IRTI 'maintenance should be specified' + 'leads to dispute' + 'wages should be specified in all cases'. CLOSING: official 'Indeed, Allāh is All-Knowing.' versus IRTI 'May Allah's prayers and blessings be upon our Prophet, and upon his family and Companions.' SPELLING throughout: official 'labor/Shariah' versus IRTI 'labour/Shari'a'. Every verbatim quote used above was machine-checked against both source PDFs (30/30 OK).

AN HONEST NOTE ON WHAT IS AND IS NOT HERE. This is a settled operative ruling (three decisive parts — the definition, the four graded forms with their rulings, and the anti-gharar specification requirement), though it expressly postpones certain further sub-forms 'for further study and research', which is disclosed rather than hidden. The quoted parts are the resolution's own words; the 'rule behind every service plan' framing, the modern examples (appliance service plans, car service contracts, AMCs, extended warranties, landlord-tenant upkeep), and the household how-to are plain restatements and honest applications of the resolution's own categories (stand-alone hire, maintenance-in-sale, maintenance-in-lease, specify-to-preclude-ignorance), not new rulings added by this site. The resolution's text cites no Qur'an verse and no hadith number — it reasons from the general rules of Shariah contracts, the law of Ijārah (hire), and the prohibition of gharar (uncertainty) — records no madhab tally and no vote count, and names no bank, product, figure or rate, so none is reported here. The cross-links to the lease rulings (44, 110), the sale rulings (51, 64), and the production/supply contracts (65, 107) are this corpus's own mapping of where a service contract sits, offered as navigation, not as claims made by Resolution 103 itself.

Wording inside quotation marks is quoted from the source. The rest is this notebook’s summary of it — read the original before relying on it.

Provenance

Compiled from: Compiled from TWO genuinely different English translations of the SAME primary resolution, cross-read 2026-07-14, every load-bearing quote machine-verified verbatim against both source PDFs (line-wrap, hyphenation, inserted-page-number and diacritic aware, whitespace-normalised, 30/30 OK): [1] the INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC FIQH ACADEMY (OIC) OFFICIAL ENGLISH EDITION, 'Resolutions and Recommendations of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy' (official edition, October 2021), printing it as 'Resolution No. 103 (6/11) / Maintenance Contracts'; and [2] the IRTI/IDB PRINTED EDITION, 'Resolutions and Recommendations of the Council of the Islamic Fiqh Academy 1985-2000' (Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah), printing it as 'Resolution N° 103 (6/11) / On Maintenance Contract'. Both editions carry the same 11th session (Manama, Bahrain, 14–19 November 1998) and the same three operative parts. This is a SETTLED operative ruling, not a deferral (though it expressly postpones some sub-forms for further research). The load-bearing content is: (First) a maintenance contract is a novel, independent compensation contract — one party undertakes to inspect and repair a machine or anything else, periodically or in emergencies, for a set period in exchange for a set fee, providing labour only, or labour plus materials — to which the general rules of Shariah for contracts apply, its ruling varying by form; (Second) four named forms — (1) a stand-alone maintenance contract, labour-only or with ordinary materials, is an Ijārah (hire) of labour and is permissible provided the labour period and wages are known; (2) a stand-alone contract where the contractor supplies labour and the client supplies materials has the same ruling; (3) maintenance made a condition within a sale contract (seller maintains for a set period) combines sale-plus-condition and is permissible, with or without materials; (4) maintenance made a condition within an Ijārah (lease) — benefit-essential maintenance binds the OWNER without any condition and may NOT be imposed on the client, whereas non-benefit-essential maintenance may be made a condition on either party if specified to preclude ignorance — and some further forms are postponed for study; (Third) in ALL forms the maintenance (and any contractor-supplied materials) and the wage must be specified in a manner that precludes ignorance leading to disputes. The resolution cites no Qur'an verse and no hadith number, records no madhab tally and no vote count, and names no bank, product, figure or rate.
Source: PRIMARY TEXT (full title; session/city/date; the preamble and all three operative parts in full — First (definition of a maintenance contract as a novel, independent compensation contract, labour-only or labour-plus-materials); Second (the four forms: (1)+(2) stand-alone maintenance = Ijārah of labour, permissible if period and wages known; (3) maintenance as a condition in a sale = permissible sale-plus-condition; (4) maintenance as a condition in a lease = benefit-essential upkeep binds the owner and may not be imposed on the client, non-essential upkeep may be assigned to either party if specified to preclude ignorance; further forms postponed); Third (in all forms the maintenance, the materials and the wages must be specified to preclude ignorance leading to disputes)) from [1] the INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC FIQH ACADEMY (OIC) OFFICIAL ENGLISH EDITION, 'Resolutions and Recommendations of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy' (official edition, October 2021), printing it as 'Resolution No. 103 (6/11) / Maintenance Contracts' (11th session, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain, 14–19 November 1998) — extracted verbatim from the published PDF (https://iifa-aifi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Resolutions-Recommendations-of-the-IIFA-Official-Edition-Oct-2021.pdf), read 2026-07-14. CONFIRMING SECOND, GENUINELY DIFFERENT TRANSLATION from [2] the IRTI/IDB PRINTED EDITION, 'Resolutions and Recommendations of the Council of the Islamic Fiqh Academy 1985-2000' (Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah), printing it as 'Resolution N° 103 (6/11) / On Maintenance Contract', same 11th session, same three parts — extracted verbatim from the published PDF (https://zulkiflihasan.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/majma-fiqh.pdf), read 2026-07-14. THE TWO EDITIONS ARE GENUINELY DIFFERENT RENDERINGS that converge on the same operative content; genuine differences reported rather than smoothed: WHOLE TITLE ('Maintenance Contracts' plural vs 'On Maintenance Contract' singular); CODE ('Resolution No. 103 (6/11)' vs 'Resolution N° 103 (6/11)'); PREAMBLE ('submitted to the Academy concerning Maintenance Contracts' + 'in-depth discussions on the subject' vs 'presented to the Academy in connection with the issue of "Maintenance contract"' + 'the discussions that took placed about it' — the IRTI slip 'took placed' reproduced, not corrected); FIRST ('a novel and independent contract... general rulings of Shariah for contracts' + 'jurisprudential characterization and ruling vary according to its different forms' + 'labor only or both labor and materials' vs 'an independent new concept... general rules of contracts' + 'regulation and jurisprudential ruling vary according to its form' + 'labour only or labour as well as spare parts' — 'materials' vs 'spare parts'); FORM 1 ('regulated as an Ijārah contract to provide labor... permissible in Shariah' vs 'regulated as Ijarah (hire) contract to provide labour... a contract permissible by Shari'a'; 'usually do not consider' vs 'usually do not take into consideration'); FORM 4 ('it is not permissible to impose it as a condition on the client... permissible to be imposed as a condition for either party' vs 'it should not be imposed as an obligation on the client... may be imposed as an obligation for either party'); THIRD ('it is a required that maintenance be specified... leads to disputes... it is a requirement to specify wages in all cases' vs 'maintenance should be specified... leads to dispute... wages should be specified in all cases'); CLOSING ('Indeed, Allāh is All-Knowing.' vs 'May Allah's prayers and blessings be upon our Prophet, and upon his family and Companions.'); SPELLING ('labor/Shariah' vs 'labour/Shari'a'). Every verbatim quote used above was machine-checked against both source PDFs (line-wrap, hyphenation, inserted-page-number and diacritic aware, whitespace-normalised, 30/30 OK). Trust: high (two independent verbatim primary editions of the same OIC resolution).
School / basis: Comparative / transactional-law with a PRIMARY OIC collective-ijtihad text. Resolution No. 103 (6/11), 11th session (Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain, 25–30 Rajab 1419H / 14–19 November 1998), is the Academy's SETTLED ruling on maintenance (service) contracts. Three operative parts: (First) a maintenance contract is 'a novel and independent contract to which the general rulings of Shariah for contracts apply' — a COMPENSATION contract in which one party undertakes to inspect and repair a machine or anything else, periodically or in emergencies, for a set period and a set fee, providing labour only or labour-plus-materials, its ruling varying by form; (Second) four graded forms — (1) a stand-alone maintenance contract (labour only, or with ordinary materials) is 'regulated as an Ijārah contract to provide labor, and it is permissible in Shariah, provided the labor period and wages are known'; (2) a stand-alone contract where the client supplies materials has the SAME ruling; (3) maintenance made a condition in a SALE 'is a contract in which sale and condition are combined and it is permissible in Shariah, whether maintenance is done with or without the provision of materials' (the seller/manufacturer after-sales case); (4) maintenance made a condition in an IJĀRAH (lease) — benefit-essential maintenance 'is binding to the owner of the hired property without condition' and 'it is not permissible to impose it as a condition on the client', while non-benefit-essential maintenance 'is permissible to be imposed as a condition for either party, if it is specified in a manner that precludes ignorance' (some further forms postponed); (Third) 'In all forms... maintenance be specified in a manner that precludes ignorance that leads to disputes', likewise the materials and 'wages in all cases'. The decisive gem is the anti-gharar filter: the work scope, the materials (if the contractor supplies them) and the fee must all be specified clearly enough to preclude dispute — and, for renters, the Form-4 rule that benefit-essential upkeep is the OWNER's duty and cannot be forced on the tenant. This is a service/ijarah muamalat ruling that sits alongside the corpus's lease rulings (Res 44 rent-to-own, Res 110 ijarah muntahia bittamlik), sale rulings (Res 51, Res 64) and production/supply contracts (Res 65 istisnaʿ, Res 107 supply/tendering). Res 103 cites no Qur'an verse, no hadith number, no madhab count and no vote, so none is reported here; it names no bank, product, figure or rate. It expressly postpones certain sub-forms for further study — disclosed, not hidden.
Original: https://iifa-aifi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Resolutions-Recommendations-of-the-IIFA-Official-Edition-Oct-2021.pdf
Captured: 2026-07-14
Added: 2026-07-14
Trust: Primary or near-primary source with a stable public URL.

Compiler’s note

Added 2026-07-14 (auto-run). The OIC Fiqh Academy's SETTLED ruling on MAINTENANCE (service) contracts — Res 103 (6/11), 11th session, Manama, Bahrain, 25–30 Rajab 1419H / 14–19 November 1998 — chosen as the explicitly named next candidate from the Res 52 run ('Res 103 (6/11) Maintenance Contracts, a service-contract neighbour'), a substantive, uncovered muamalat ruling present in BOTH editions (≤2000/≤12th session, not a deferral). It is the everyday service agreement a household or small business actually signs: an appliance service plan, a car service contract, an annual-maintenance contract (AMC) for a lift/AC/network, an extended warranty, or a landlord's upkeep duty. KILLER GEMS: (First) a maintenance contract is 'a novel and independent contract to which the general rulings of Shariah for contracts apply'; (Form 1, the consumer case) a stand-alone maintenance deal 'is regulated as an Ijārah contract to provide labor, and it is permissible in Shariah, provided the labor period and wages are known' — a service plan is lawful HIRE-OF-LABOUR if scope and fee are known; (Form 3) maintenance made a condition in a sale 'is a contract in which sale and condition are combined and it is permissible in Shariah' (after-sales/warranty); (Form 4, the renter's gem) benefit-essential maintenance in a lease 'is binding to the owner of the hired property without condition' and 'it is not permissible to impose it as a condition on the client', while non-essential upkeep 'is permissible to be imposed as a condition for either party, if it is specified in a manner that precludes ignorance'; (Third, the anti-gharar filter) 'In all forms... maintenance be specified in a manner that precludes ignorance that leads to disputes... it is a requirement to specify wages in all cases.' GOLD-STANDARD pairing: two genuinely different English editions cross-read — the Academy's OWN OFFICIAL ENGLISH EDITION (Oct 2021 PDF) + the IRTI/IDB printed edition (1985-2000), both pdftotext-verbatim. Genuine divergences reported not smoothed: title plural vs singular; 'materials' vs 'spare parts'; 'do not consider' vs 'do not take into consideration'; Form 4 'condition on the client' vs 'obligation on the client'; Third 'it is a required that' (official's own phrasing) vs 'should be'; closing 'Indeed, Allāh is All-Knowing.' vs 'May Allah's prayers and blessings...'; the IRTI preamble slip 'took placed' reproduced not corrected; labor/labour, Shariah/Shari'a. All 30 load-bearing quotes machine-verified against both source PDFs (30/30 OK, whitespace/hyphenation/inserted-page-number/diacritic aware). HONESTY built in: the three parts are the resolution's own words; the 'rule behind every service plan' framing, the modern examples, and the household how-to are plain restatements/honest applications of the resolution's own four categories; the resolution EXPRESSLY POSTPONES certain sub-forms 'for further study and research' — disclosed, not hidden. DROPPED per no-fab: Qur'an verse / hadith number (Res 103 cites none — it reasons from the general rules of Shariah contracts, ijarah and gharar); madhab tally; vote count; any bank/product/figure/rate. Articles 98->99. Clean `rm -rf .next && npm run build` + `npm run lint` = 0/0 (verified this run). PUNCH-LIST FULLY TICKED; build/lint green. NEXT candidate (substantive finance/muamalat ruling, in BOTH editions i.e. ≤2000/≤12th session, not a deferral, not yet covered): Res 31 (6/4) 'Key Money (Badal Khuluw)' — a tenancy/premium ruling that pairs naturally with this maintenance-in-lease ruling; AVOID Res 89 (near-duplicate of Res 42), the already-covered sets, and the known deferrals Res 22/45/77/78/87/96.

Topics

islamic-financefiqh-of-transactionsmuamalatcontractsservice-contractmaintenance-contractmaintenanceannual-maintenance-contractamcservice-planextended-warrantyafter-sales-servicerepairrepair-contractupkeepijarahhirehire-of-labourhire-of-servicesleaselessorlesseelandlordtenantlandlord-obligationstenant-obligationsrental-maintenancesale-with-conditioncondition-in-saleseller-warrantymanufacturer-warrantyghararuncertaintyspecificationprecludes-ignoranceknown-priceknown-periodwagesfeecompensation-contractspare-partsmaterialslabourlaborcompensationcontingent-benefitbenefit-essentialpostponed-formsresolution-44resolution-110resolution-51resolution-64resolution-65resolution-107oicinternational-islamic-fiqh-academyiifaresolution-103res-103103-6-1111th-sessionmanamabahrain1998primary-sourcecollective-ijtihadsettled-ruling

This is source material, not a ruling. The corpus records what a named source actually said, so that you can read it yourself and take it to a scholar you trust. Ask the corpus to search all entries at once, or return to the library.