63
Total entries
55
Primary trust
16
Fatwā bodies
15
Scholars
Primary texts
Qurʾān, hadith, and tafsīr databases.
Quran.com
Tarteel AI · open community
The most comprehensive open-access Qurʾān reading platform. Multiple translations, recitations, tafsīr (Ibn Kathīr, Saʿdī, Jalālayn), word-by-word grammar. Free, no ads, donor-funded.
Sunnah.com
Open community
Searchable hadith database covering Bukhārī, Muslim, Abū Dāwūd, Tirmidhī, Nasāʾī, Ibn Mājah, Mālik's Muwaṭṭaʾ, Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn, and others. Arabic + English with full chain visibility.
AlTafsir.com
Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute · Jordan
Classical and contemporary tafsīr corpus. Includes al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Qurṭubī, al-Rāzī, Saʿdī, al-Shawkānī, and dozens more. Arabic-primary; selective English translation.
Collective fatwā bodies
Institutional Islamic legal authorities whose collective rulings carry weight across madhabs and jurisdictions.
AMJA — Assembly of Muslim Jurists of America
Hatem al-Haj, fiqh committee chair
Collective fatwā body for North American Muslims. Comprehensive database covering riba, mortgages, family law, inheritance, employment. The single most-cited Western fatwā archive.
European Council for Fatwa and Research
Founded by Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī
European Muslim collective fatwa body. The 1999 Dublin Resolution 2/4 on mortgages is the most contested ECFR ruling; subsequent OIC IIFA and AMJA positions diverged.
OIC International Islamic Fiqh Academy
Organization of Islamic Cooperation
The most institutionally authoritative contemporary collective body. Resolution 10 (2/2) of 1985 affirmed that bank interest is the riba prohibited by the Qurʾān — the bedrock ruling of contemporary Islamic finance.
AAOIFI Shariah Standards
Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions
The 60+ Shariah Standards (Standard 8 on Murābaḥah, 9 on Ijārah, 12 on Mushārakah, 17 on Sukūk, 21 on Investment Sukūk) are the technical reference for what 'AAOIFI-compliant' means in practice. Mufti Taqī ʿUsmānī chairs the Shariah Board.
Dār al-ʿUlūm Deoband — Dārul Iftāʾ
Deoband, India
The most authoritative South Asian Ḥanafī fatwā archive. Tens of thousands of rulings searchable; comprehensive on muʿāmalāt (transactions).
IslamQA
Sheikh Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ al-Munajjid
Large Salafī-leaning fatwā database. Strong on contemporary muʿāmalāt questions from a strict reading; useful as a comparative reference even for non-Salafī readers.
Darul Iftaa Mahmudiyyah
Mufti Ebrahim Desai (rh) and successors · South Africa
South African Ḥanafī fatwa house with one of the most accessible English-language Q&A archives. Mufti Desai's rulings on contemporary finance are widely cited globally.
Australian National Imams Council (ANIC)
Australian collective Muslim leadership
Peak body for Australian imams. The closest Australia has to a domestic fatwā council. Statements on finance, hijrah, and community issues.
Saudi Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Iftāʾ (Lajnah Dāʾimah)
Saudi Arabia · state-affiliated
Official Saudi state fatwa body since 1971. Former chairmen include Ibn Bāz and Ibn ʿUthaymīn. The strictest institutional position on conventional banking interest in the global Sunni landscape. Fatāwā al-Lajnah al-Dāʾimah is the multi-volume reference collection.
Dar al-Iftaa al-Misriyya
Egypt · state-affiliated since 1895
Official Egyptian fatwa institution and Grand Mufti's office. Globally influential among Sunni Muslims. Positions on banking interest have shifted across muftis; the 2002 Tantawi fatwa was particular to its moment and is not the institution's settled position.
Al-Azhar al-Sharīf — Majmaʿ al-Buḥūth al-Islāmiyya
Egypt · premier global Sunni reference (Islamic Research Academy 1961; Al-Azhar founded 970 CE)
The Islamic Research Academy of Al-Azhar has repeatedly affirmed strict prohibition of conventional bank interest. The 1965 resolution and 1976 First International Conference on Islamic Economics declaration are foundational documents of contemporary Islamic finance.
Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) · National Shariah Board
Indonesia · state-recognised fatwa council since 1975
Indonesia's highest fatwa authority. MUI Fatwa No. 1/2004 declared bank interest (bunga bank) to be riba and ḥarām. DSN-MUI issues detailed product-level fatāwā governing Indonesian Islamic finance — the world's largest Muslim country.
Shariah Advisory Council of Bank Negara Malaysia
Malaysia · statutory body since 1997
Binding statutory authority on all Malaysian Islamic finance. Distinctive framework that has accepted certain structures (Bayʿ al-ʿĪnah, Tawarruq al-Munazzam) rejected by AAOIFI/Gulf scholarship — source of the persistent Malaysian-vs-Gulf divergence in global Islamic finance.
Pakistan Federal Shariat Court (FSC)
Pakistan · constitutional court since 1980
The 1991 FSC judgment (Mahmood ur Rahman Faisal v. Government of Pakistan) and 1999 Supreme Court Shariat Appellate Bench (Aslam Khaki) declared all conventional interest unconstitutional in Pakistan. 2022 ruling ordered interest-free banking by 2027 — most institutionally-backed prohibition in any Muslim-majority state.
Jamia Ashrafia (Mubarakpur) · Barelvi Dar al-Iftaa
India · Barelvi Sunni Hanafi tradition
Major Barelvi fatwa institution. Despite the popular framing of Deoband-vs-Barelvi divergence, on riba both Hanafi sub-traditions share the classical prohibition. Imam Ahmad Raza Khan's *Fatāwā Razawiyya* is the founding reference.
Dār al-Iftāʾ al-Urduniyya
Jordan · state-affiliated
Official Jordanian state fatwa institution. Mainstream Sunni rulings on contemporary finance with strong English-language outreach. Useful Levant/Arab-world institutional reference.
Individual scholars & institutes
Contemporary scholars producing original research on Islamic finance, fiqh, and Western Muslim contexts.
Joe Bradford
Independent US scholar · classical training
The single most directly-relevant English-language voice on Western Muslim finance. Detailed essays on Murābaḥah, Ijārah, Mushārakah implementations; speaks bluntly about ḥiyal. Newsletter is the central asset.
Mufti Muḥammad Taqī ʿUsmānī
AAOIFI Shariah Board chair · Dār al-ʿUlūm Karachi
Foundational living scholar on Islamic finance. *An Introduction to Islamic Finance* (1998) and *Historic Judgment on Interest* (1999) are the canonical contemporary works.
Bayyinah Institute · Nouman Ali Khan
Bayyinah TV + Bayyinah.com
Tafsīr-focused content with the most-listened-to English-language treatment of al-Baqarah 2:275–281 (the riba sequence). Some content paywalled at Bayyinah TV; tafsīr lectures freely available.
Yaqeen Institute
Founded by Omar Suleiman
Research papers on contemporary fiqh, theology, Western Muslim contexts. All free, donor-funded. Wealth & Finance tag is the most relevant collection for this site.
Mufti Faraz Adam · Amanah Advisors
UK-based Shariah consultant
Practitioner-scholar specializing in fintech and contemporary product structures. Cryptocurrency whitepaper (2017) is the most-cited contemporary halal-crypto reference.
Sh. Hamza Yusuf · Zaytuna College
Co-founder of Zaytuna College (first accredited Muslim liberal arts college in the US)
Traditional Mālikī-leaning Sunni scholar with significant Western influence. Brings the spiritual-formation lens to discussions of riba and consumer capitalism. *Sacred Truths of Islam* essays and Zaytuna lectures are the primary archive.
Sh. Abdal Hakim Murad (Tim Winter) · Cambridge Muslim College
Cambridge Muslim College Dean · Shaykh al-Islam of the UK appointment 2024
Traditional British Sunni scholar with deep European philosophical fluency. Connects riba and the modern debt economy to broader questions of consumerism and the spiritual formation of the modern self. *Travelling Home: Essays on Islam in Europe* (2020).
Sh. Mohammad Akram Nadwi · Al-Salam Institute
Traditional Hanafi scholar · Oxford-trained
*Al-Muḥaddithāt: The Women Scholars in Islam* (2007) documents 8,000+ female hadith scholars in classical Islam — foundational reference for any serious treatment of women's financial agency. Al-Salam Institute is producing the next generation of traditional Western scholars.
Sh. Omar Suleiman · Yaqeen Institute
Founder of Yaqeen Institute · Adjunct Professor at Southern Methodist University
Contemporary American Sunni scholar with significant social influence. Detailed treatment of tawbah from major sins, including the four-condition framework when the sin involves the rights of others (applicable to riba contracts).
Sh. Yasir Qadhi · East Plano Islamic Center
Yale PhD (Islamic Studies) · Resident Scholar EPIC
Contemporary American Sunni scholar. Detailed public lectures on the staged-exit framework from conventional finance. MuslimMatters lecture archive is the primary public corpus.
Sh. Abdul-Latif Finch · Lamppost Education Initiative
Founder of Lamppost · classical-traditional Sunni training
Contemporary American Sunni scholar with deep engagement on Muslim entrepreneurship as the Prophetic alternative to debt-based wealth accumulation. Lamppost Education Initiative archive is the primary corpus.
Dr. Monzer Kahf
Academic economist · Islamic finance pioneer
One of the most-published academic voices in modern Islamic economics. Bridge between traditional fiqh and Western financial economics. Author of dozens of papers on zakāt, awqāf, and Islamic banking theory.
Sh. Wahbah al-Zuḥaylī (d. 2015)
Damascus · twentieth-century Shāfiʿī scholar
*al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adillatuh* (Islamic Jurisprudence and Its Proofs) is the most comprehensive single contemporary fiqh encyclopedia. The riba chapters are widely cited in modern Islamic finance scholarship.
Imam Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328)
Ḥanbalī · Damascus
*Majmūʿ al-Fatāwā* (multi-volume) contains seminal treatments of riba, sales, partnerships, and the maqāṣid framework. Bridge between classical fiqh and the maqāṣid-emphasising contemporary reformers.
Imam Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d. 1350)
Ḥanbalī · student of Ibn Taymiyya
*Iʿlām al-Muwaqqiʿīn* contains the most-cited classical treatment of riba al-faḍl al-juzʾī (the issue of contemporary loan structures masquerading as sales). Influential among contemporary scholars critiquing ḥiyal-engineered Islamic finance products.
Academic research
Peer-reviewed journals and academic institutions producing technical research on Islamic economics and finance.
International Shariʿah Research Academy for Islamic Finance (ISRA)
Malaysia
Premier academic research institution on Islamic finance globally. Quarterly *ISRA International Journal*, working papers, and standards research. Technical-level depth.
Islamic Economic Studies · IRTI/IsDB
Islamic Development Bank Group
Peer-reviewed academic journal of Islamic economics and finance. Open access; archive goes back to 1993.
Harvard Islamic Finance Project
Harvard Law School
Long-running Harvard initiative on Islamic finance research and practitioner education. Annual conferences + working papers archive. Bridge between Western academic finance and traditional scholarship.
Durham University Islamic Finance Programme
Durham University · UK
Premier UK academic programme in Islamic finance. PhD programme and the Durham Doctoral Training Centre publish research on Islamic banking, takaful, sukūk markets, and theoretical foundations.
International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance (INCEIF)
Malaysia · postgraduate institution
Postgraduate-only university dedicated to Islamic finance. Publishes research and trains the practitioners staffing the world's Islamic finance industry. Strong Southeast Asia + Gulf network.
Books · the canon
The foundational books a serious student of Islamic finance encounters.
An Introduction to Islamic Finance
Mufti Muḥammad Taqī ʿUsmānī · 1998
The single most-cited contemporary book on Islamic finance theory and practice. Murābaḥah, Ijārah, Mushārakah, Salam, Istiṣnāʿ — all defined, critiqued, and contextualized. Essential reading.
Historic Judgment on Interest
Mufti Muḥammad Taqī ʿUsmānī · 1999
The Supreme Court of Pakistan judgment (delivered as a Shariah Appellate Bench ruling) on the unconstitutionality of conventional interest banking. The most rigorous single legal document on bank interest = riba.
al-Ḥalāl wa al-Ḥarām fī al-Islām
Sheikh Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī
Canonical mid-20th-century treatment of permissibility across all life domains. The chapter on riba is the standard introduction for English-reading Muslims.
al-Mughnī
Ibn Qudāmah al-Maqdisī (d. 1223)
Premier classical Ḥanbalī fiqh manual. Encyclopaedic treatment of buyūʿ (sales), ribā, ijārah, mushārakah. The reference text when contemporary scholars cite the Ḥanbalī school.
Bidāyat al-Mujtahid
Ibn Rushd · Averroes (d. 1198)
Comparative fiqh across the four schools — invaluable when locating any contemporary scholar's position within the historical range of opinions.
al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharīʿah
Imam Abū Isḥāq al-Shāṭibī (d. 1388) · Mālikī · Granada
The foundational classical text on maqāṣid al-sharīʿah (the higher objectives of Islamic law). The framework underlying every contemporary 'spirit-of-the-law' critique of ḥiyal-engineered Islamic finance products.
Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn
Imam Abu Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī (d. 1111) · Shāfiʿī · Tūs
Book 13 (Kitāb Ādāb al-Kasb wa al-Maʿāsh — Earning and Trading) is the classical reference on trade ethics, riba avoidance as spiritual discipline, and the moral economy of Muslim commerce. Translated multiple times into English.
al-Mabsūṭ
Imam Shams al-Dīn al-Sarakhsī (d. 1090) · Ḥanafī
Encyclopedic Ḥanafī fiqh work in 30 volumes. Riba chapters are the foundational Ḥanafī reference, cited repeatedly by Mufti Taqi Usmani and other contemporary Hanafi scholars on contemporary finance.
Bidāyat al-Mujtahid wa Nihāyat al-Muqtaṣid
Ibn Rushd (Averroes, d. 1198) · Mālikī
Comparative classical fiqh across the four Sunni schools. Invaluable when locating any contemporary scholar's position within the historical range of opinions on riba, sales, and partnerships.
Tools & screeners
Halal stock screeners, zakat calculators, portfolio trackers.
Zoya — Halal Stock Screener
Independent · Mufti Faraz Adam advisor
Stock-level Shariah compliance screener. Real-time verdicts on 1000s of US/global equities. Portfolio tracking + purification estimates. Free tier + premium ~USD 10/mo.
Islamicly
AAOIFI-aligned screening
Stock screener covering 50,000+ global equities. AAOIFI methodology. Larger coverage than Zoya; less polished UX.
Musaffa
Independent
Halal stock screener with built-in zakat calculator and educational academy. Honest about coverage limits (not every stock is screened in full).
Practical Islamic Finance (Rakaan Kayali)
Independent · YouTube + Substack
The most-watched English-language halal-investing channel. Detailed walkthroughs of US/global equities, AAOIFI methodology applied to specific tickers, contemporary product reviews. Free.
AU providers (audited separately)
Australian halal-finance providers. Full audits are in Section V of this site; these links go to their official sites.
Hejaz Financial Services (AU)
Australian Shariah board
Diminishing Mushārakah home finance and halal ETFs. Largest AU brand by marketing. Full audit on this site at /audit/hejaz.
MCCA — Muslim Community Co-operative Australia
AU co-operative · since 1989
Australia's oldest Islamic finance institution. Murābaḥah and Ijārah variants of home finance. Full audit on this site at /audit/mcca.
Amanah Islamic Finance
AU
Home and auto finance via Ijārah Muntahiyah bi-Tamlīk. Audited at /audit/amanah.
Crescent Wealth Super
AU APRA-regulated
Australia's only fully Shariah-screened superannuation. Multi-asset including halal equities, sukūk, gold, and unlisted property. Audited at /audit/crescent-wealth.
Wahed Invest (AU)
Global Shariah-screened robo-advisor
Sharia-screened robo-advisor; five risk profiles. AAOIFI-aligned. Audited at /audit/wahed.
Community media
Muslim media outlets and community content brands relevant to the AU/Western context.
Islamic Finance Guru (IFG)
UK · Ibrahim Khan + Mohsin Patel
The most successful single-source Muslim finance content brand in the West. 205,000+ subscribers. Tools, comparison tables, paid courses, Cur8 Capital investment platform. The aspirational benchmark for this notebook.
AMUST — Australasian Muslim Times
AU Muslim community media
Australian Muslim weekly. Periodic coverage of riba, halal finance, and Islamic finance community issues. The closest Australia has to a community-of-record publication.
Productive Muslim
Mohammed Faris · global
Lifestyle + spirituality + productivity content for working Muslims. The halal-entrepreneurship community lever.
AlMaghrib Institute
USA-founded · global Islamic seminary network
Mass-accessible classical Islamic education for Western Muslims. Their fiqh-of-finance modules are practical and well-taught. Many contemporary American scholars trained or taught here.
MuslimMatters
Long-running US Muslim community blog
Premier English-language Muslim community blog. Regular Islamic-finance coverage including practical mortgage-exit perspectives. Where many Western Muslims first encountered serious treatments of contemporary fiqh issues.
Lamppost Education Initiative
Sh. Abdul-Latif Finch + colleagues
Classical-traditional education initiative with strong focus on Muslim entrepreneurship as alternative to debt-based wealth. Detailed seminars on the Prophetic commerce model.